Paraíba tourmaline is a rare variety of the elbaite mineral within the tourmaline group, known for its vivid, neon-like colours. Its exceptional appearance is due to the presence of copper and manganese, with copper being the key element that defines a true Paraíba tourmaline. Without copper, a tourmaline cannot be classified under this coveted name.
The Colour Spectrum and Value
These gemstones display an array of hues—ranging from greenish blue to bluish green, pure green, blue, and violet. Among these, the bright 'neon' blue tones are the most valuable and sought-after in the gem trade.
Geological Origins and Mineral Composition
Elbaite was first discovered on the Italian island of Elba, and it typically forms in pegmatites—igneous rocks rich in rare elements like lithium and boron. These environments allow for the growth of large, well-formed crystals, including tourmalines.
Major Sources of Paraíba Tourmaline
In Brazil, Paraíba tourmalines are mined from pegmatites throughout the Serra das Queimadas mountain range, spanning both Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte states. Mozambique also produces copper-bearing tourmalines, sourced from alluvial deposits in the eastern Alto Ligonha pegmatite district near Mavuco.
